Roger II of Sicily – King of Sicily from 1130 to 1154, Roger was able to take over the other Norman-ruled areas of Southern Italy, and successfully defend against an invasion from the Holy Roman Empire. By the time of his death in 1035, he had established what can be seen as a Scandinavian empire. By the time of his death in 1035, Sancho was known as ‘rex Hispaniarum’.Ĭnut, King of Denmark, England and Norway – Beginning with England in 1016, Cnut was able to gain the crowns of three countries (Denmark in 1018 and Norway in 1028). He was able to take over the kingdoms of Castile and Leon, as well as the French Duchy of Gascony, and force the Count of Barcelona to be his vassal. Sancho III of Navarre – Although he was only about 12 years old when he became the King of Navarre (itself a very minor kingdom) in 1004, Sancho had the ambitions to take control of Christian Iberia. His conversion to Christianity in 988 was an important moment in the Christianization of Kievan Rus, and he is considered a national symbol by both Ukraine and Russia. Vladimir Sviatoslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev – After killing his half-brother, Yaropolk I, Vladimir ruled as Grand Prince of Kiev from 980 to 1015. Otto died in 973, having started an era known as the ‘Ottonian Renaissance’. In 961 he was crowned the King of Italy, and the following year he became the Holy Roman Emperor. Otto followed this victory with the conquest of Italy. In 955 he defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld, one of the most important battles of the tenth century. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor – After becoming King of Germany in 936, Otto would work to establish greater authority over his aristocracy.
During his long reign, Alfonso was able to consolidate power over northern Spain, and had numerous military victories over Islamic and Christian opponents. Alfred, King of Wessex – Anglo-Saxon king from 871 to 899 – he successfully defended his kingdom from Viking attacks, promoted education and learning, and instituted legal reforms.Īlfonso III of Asturias – King of León, Galicia and Asturias from 866 to 910.
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